Process of making fulled-valance hammocks.



I. B. PALMER. PROCESS OF MAKING FULLED VALLNGE HAMMOQKS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 29, 1910.

Pate'nfled June 20, 1911.

5 BHEETS-SEEET 1.

lmer vcrml my 5 I Inventvr. QZ'QaaeE-Pa witnesses I. B. PALMER.

PBOGESS OF MAKING FULLED VALANUE HAMMOGKS.

APPLICATION FILED APILZQ, 1910. 995,554. Patented June 20,1911.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2.

witnesses verv/tor 61V: g; 18:26 ,E-Palyner 5 y Q W 9 atlas- I I. E. PALMER. PROCESS OF MAKING PULLED VALANGE HAMMOGKS.

APPLIOATION FILED APILZQ, 1910.

Patented June 20, 1911.

' 5 SHEETSSHEET a.

PatentedJune 20,1911.

5 SHEFTS-BHEBT 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC E- PADMEB, OF MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNQ TO THE I. E. PALMER 00., OF MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PROCESS OF MAKING IULLED-VALANCE HAMMOGKS.

To all inborn it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAC E. PALMER, a

citizen of the United States, and a residentof Middletown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Processes of Making FulledValance Hammocks, of which the following description, in connection with a the accompanying drawings, is a specification like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This lnvention relates to the process of making fulled valance hammocks.

'In order that the principle of the invention may readilybe understood, I have disclosed in the accompanying drawing one embodiment of means or carrying out my method and .for producing the product thereof.

Fulled valances have been woven as dis tinct and separate articles of manufacture and have been thereafter sewed to the hammock body. It has long been sought to weave a hammock having integral therewith fulled valances, as fulled valances add materially to the appearance and value of the hammock and if woven integrally therewith would materially lessen the cost. Imyself proposed some years ago to weave fulled valanccs integrally with the hammock, but have not been able to produce such an article until I conceived and completed the pres- -cnt invention.

l have herein disclosed a loom whereby I may weave a hammock having integral therewith fulled valances, the said loom not being herpin claimed, the irescnt application covering the method of producing such article. a

I shall first descritx: that form of mechanism herein shown for carrying out my process.

Referring tot-he drawings :-Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section of suilicient parts of a loom to disclose my method; Fig. 2 is a front end elevation of a. portion of the loom shown in Fig. 1.; Fig. 3 1s a plan view of a portion of the breast beam and one of the take-up temples shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a detail hereafter to be referred to; ig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 1 of a modified form of loom for carry ng out-my process; Fig. 6 is a view simila'i to Fi 2 of said flpeclflcation of Letters Patent. Application and April 29,

modified form of loom; Figs. and 8 are Patented June 20, 1911. 19 10. rerun No. 558,422.

diagrammatic views illustrating respectively the manner in-which I practice my method and the manner in which I previously endeavored to practice the same; Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a portion of a fulled hammock valance; Fig. 10 isa longitudinalsection taken through a ortion of a fulled hammock valance; and ig. 11 is a diagrammatic view representing a portion of a hammock body and the fulled valance and fringe integral therewith.

Referring more particularly to the drawings and first to the form of 100m shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the frame thereof is represented at 1, the breast beam at 2, the lay at 3 and its reed at 4. -These parts may be and preferably are constructed as usual. The cloth roll isrepresented at 5 and the take-up roll at 6 and an intermediate guide roll at 7. These. rolls are mountcd as usual in the frame of the loom and driven in any suitable manner. Thesaid rolls need not differ from rolls heretofore employed for this purpose, excepting in that they are provided with enlarged ends 5, 6, and 7. J

Cloth and take-up rolls provided with enla-r ed ends are not in themselves new, havin; heretofore been employed for the purpose of taking up warp threads fed at a higher rate than the body warp threads.

In order to provide 'fulled valances utegral with the hammock I feed the arp threads that are to enter into said valances from the warp beam or from supplemental beams lit av higher rate of speed than I feed the body warp threads. This has heretofore been proposed, and it is therefore unnecessary to illustrate thesamc. I'lcretoforc so far as I am aware in those cases where the edge warps of a fabric have been fed at a higher rate of speed than the body warps, it has simply been proposed to'take up the entire mass of warp threads with the laterwoven weft threads upon a take-up 'roll mounted in the usual position, which is substantially that indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. Such take-up and cloth rolls are positioned at points substantially remote frmn tllyz' of the cloth, and as will hereinafter bcimore fully forth all attempts to take 11p in the usual manner a fabric having cdge warps fed at a. higher rate than the body warps have resulted in a distorted, fabric, or the fabric has been ruptured or damaged fell.

along the line of pro osed union of the body and edge warps. T is is owing to the fact that the weft threads after having been woven into thg cloth-are not delivered past the breast beam and onto the take-up and cloth rolls in planes or lines parallel to the fell of the clothor more strictly speaking parallel to a plane passing through the fell of the cloth and normal to the cloth. In other words, the ed e warps and the portion of the weft threa s interwoven therewith are taken up so much in advance of the adjacent War threads and their portion of the weft threa s, that the entire fabric is drawn askew and distorted, and the warp and weft threads of the body no longer maintain a position normal to each other.

In accordance with my invention, I provide means for preserving substantial parallelism of each weft throughout the body and the valances with a plane normal to the cloth at its fell. Said means compels an on forced control and immediate deflection of the valance portions as they are formed, from the lane of the body, said deflection being prefdrably progressively greater from the edges of the body portion of the hammock to the outer edges of the valances. Inasniuch as the said means deflects the valances immediately upon weaving thereof from the plane of the body of the hammock, it will be apparent that the said deflection is substituted for a divergence of the weft threads entering irito the valances, from the fell. In other words, in my previous attemlpts to produce a hammock having integra fulI d 'valances I have attempted to take up those portions of the weft threads which entered into the valances by producing a divergence of them away from the breast beam and toward the cloth roll, while' maintaining said'portions of the weft threads in the plane of the body. This inevitably resulted in a distorted fabric,that is, one wherein the warpand weft threads have no longer been maintained in their normal po fition with r'es ect to each other, and in fact it has been su stantially impossible to produce eyen'a'distorted fabric, owing to the tendencyof the fabric to rupture along the proposed line of union of the edge of the body fabric and the inner edge of the pro posed integral valance.

The means by which the valance as woven may be immediately deflected from the general plane of the body of the fabric may, of course, be varied. In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, I

' have indicated what. for convenience,I term take-up temples. These comprise castings, one of which I preferably secure to the upper face of the breast beam and another to i the outer face thereof. As clearly shown,

each take-up device comprises a casting 8 having upright ends Qand 1O tapped for the passage, of screws. 11%11, by which is secured in position a block 12 beveled upon its exposed sides outwardly toward the outer edge of the valance upon which it acts. Instead of a block I may, of course, substitute a tapered roll. Each casting is secured to the breast beam by bolts or screws 13 passing through slots 14 in said castings. If desired, I may provide a substantially U- shaped guide rod 15 having its ends secured as shown in the upright portion 10 of thecasting, the cloth as woven assing under that portion of the guide rod which is adjacent the fell of the cloth, then over the adjacent beveled block-12, and then under the other portion of the guide rod 15. If

desired, I may slot, as indicated at 16, that ortion of the upright 10 in which one or 0th ends of the guide rod 15 are secured.

Viewing Fig. 1, it will be apparent that immediately upon formation of the fabric at the fell thereof, the body portion, being that part embraced between the inner edges of the valanees, passes onto the level portion of the breast beam, while the valances are at once deflected upwardly from the plane of the body part, so as to take up the fulled portions. This out-ward deflection prevents those portions of the weft threads which have been-incorporated in the valances from being drawn by the take-up and cloth rolls into advance of the remaining portion of said weft threads; that is, the portion which is incorporated with the body of the hafmmock. In other words, each weft thread is maintained throughout, its entirety in sub-- parallelism with a plane passing through the fell of the cloth normal thereto.

stantial This deflection of the valane as woven is continued by the second take-up temple illustrated inyFigs. 1 and 2, and the roll 7 with enlarged ends is placed sufliciently near the second take-up temple to prevent the distortion to which I have referred. Preferably, however, I interpose between the take-up templesand the roll 7 or between the second take-up temple and the take-up an d cloth rolls, suitable devices to'continue action of the takesup temples. 1

In Figs. 5 arid 6, I have shown a slightly modified form of my invention wherein upon the breast beam itself are mounted one or more take-up rolls. Preferably .in this construction I employ a single pair of take-up temples, one of which is indicated at 17 and in conjunction therewith emplo take -up rolls 19, 20, the roll 19 having en arged be'v eled ends 19 and the roll 20 having ends of correspondingl reduced diameter, so that contact throug 1out their entire extent may be had between the rolls 19, 20. Preferably the roll 20 is a sand roll. These rolls may be driven in any suitable manner, as, for example, by a sp ocket chain 21 from the usual take-up drivi g mechanism 22, the said sprocket chain 21 engaging a sprocket gear 23 upon the shaft of the take-up roll 19, the take-u roll 20 being frictionally .driven from t 1e roll 1.9.

In the operation of the for of the invention shown in Figs. 5 and (i, the integral valances are deflected from the body of the hammock as woven and after being so taken up the product ma be discharged from the second take-up rol 20 into a convenient receptacle 25 upon the floor beneath the breast beam, it being noted that the fulled valances pass-first over the temple take-ups 17 and thence about the rolls 19 and 20.

In the production of a fulled valance hammock, I, preferably fashion a frin e also integral with the body; This I pre erably accomplish by providing at the outer edge of each valance portion of the hammock a wire 26 (see Fig. 3), said wire extending as shown in Fig. 1 through a suitable dent of the reed 4, beyond which it is suitably connected to a cord 27 of the jacquard as indi- 1 cated. The wire 26 may be held in position take-u by being looped about a bracket 27 secured as indicated in Fig. 3 to the frame of the tem le positioned upon the upper face 0 the reast beam. The weft threads, as laid by the shuttle pass alternately'under and over the said wires 26 at each edgeof the fabric, thus forming looped fringes. Preferably these loops are severed during the progress of the weaving and to that end lift-provide knives 28 positioned between the members of each wire 26 and outwardly inclined as indicated to sever the looped fringes "as the same are drawn past the knives.

It not infrequently. is desirable to change theproduction of the loom from a hammock having integral fulled valances tohammock bodies without valances, or to pillow fabrics. Therefore, I may interru t weaving of the valances. This may readily be effect- *ed by severing the valance warp threads between the reed and the fell of the cloth and securing said severed threads in suitable -mahner to the lay, so that in the progress of the weaving they may "be loosely carried back-and forth by the lay. In Fig. 4, I have indicated a few of such severed warp threads at 29, saidt-hrcads being preferably grouped into a. serics'of bunches and passed under a rod 30 secured to the lay and then passed to a rod 31'. to which they run he loosely lsnotted. When it is again esired to weave valance hammocks, the severed threads may be readily incorporated into the fabric and he weaving continued.

In Figs. 7- and 8, I have diagrammatically indicated my method for weavin a ham-- mock having integral. therewith a fillled val ance. I have contrasted therewith 9.- diagrammatic illustration of an utterly impracticable scheme, her ofore su gested by me for weaving a ha mock-wit integral fulled valance. As represented in Fig. 7,

the weft threads 32 are continued into the valance at 33 and immediatel weft is beaten up at the fell 0 the cloth, it is deflected from the plane of the surface of the body fabric to preserve the described parallelism of the weft threads with said fell of the cloth. In so deflecting the val ance portions of the fabric, the take-up lines of strain of the valance are either parallel with the warp threads or are so near] parallel therewith as indicated, that sai lines of strain do not enter 'the body ortions of the fabric nor distort the same. n the case of the construction shownin Fl. 8, however, wherein the take-up and clot rolls are remote from the fell of the cloth, the lines after each of strain of the proposed valance penetrate the weft threads which are in the body but adjacent the valances are drawn ahead of the remaining or central portions of the weft threads in the body, and hence the whole fabric drawn askew at and adjacent its ed es.

Preferab y I incorporate with the valances and substantial] at the point of union of the "alances with the body fabric a strengthening cord orzgroup'ed warp threads 34. This strand or grou of war threads serves to strengthen the line of un onof the fulled valance and the body as well as to add to the ap earance thereof.

In Fig. 9, have illustrated in side elevation a portion of the -fulled valance integrally woven with the hammock, the folds which in actual practice hang irregularly being represented at 35 and .the integral fringe at 36. In Fig. 10, I have illustrated asection taken longitudinally through one of the valances and have indicated at 37 and 38 the fulled .valance effect. In said figure, the warp threads are represented at 39 and the weft threads at 40.

In Fig, 11, I have imlicatcd diagrammatically a portion of a hammock body and its,

valance warp threads are fed from the warp.

beam or supplemental warp beams at a higher rate of speed than the bold. warp threads. This, however, does nlot di urb the duced by the described process, but said hammock is not claimed in this application.

Having thus described one illustrative embodiment of my invention, I desire it to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they are usedin a generic and descriptive. sense and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.

Claims,

1. That method of weaving a hammock with integral fulled valances, which consists in assembling a central series of warp threads to form the hammock body and two side series of warp threads to form the valances; interweaving a series of weft threads with said three series of warp threads; during such interweaving presenting the said side series of warp threads to the weft threads for the incorporation of the latter, at a faster rate than the central series is presented thereto; and substantially immediately upon the described incorporation of each weft thread taking up the slack caused by the faster presentation of the side series of warp threads by deflection of the interwoven portion of such side series "of warp threads and weft threads ina direction which maintains all of said threads substantially taut and also preserves said incorporated weft threads throughout substantially their entire extent at substantially rightangles with the warp threads of the said three series of warps; whereby the warp and weft threads throughout the entire hammock are maintained at substantially right angles to eachother throughout their extent.

2. That method of weaving a hammock with integral fulled valances, which con-- sists in assembling a centralseries of warp threads to form the hammock body and two side series of warp threads to form the valances; interweaving a series of weft threads with said three series of warp threads; pro-' longing said weft threads at one or both sides in loops beyond the side series of warp threads to form fringes; during such interweating, presenting the said side series of warp threads to the weft threads for the incorporation of the latter at a faster rate than the central series is presented thereto; and

substantially immediately upon the described'incorporation each weft thread taking u the slack caused by the faster threads by deflection of the interwoven portion of such side series of warp threads and weft threads in a direction which maintains all of. said threads substantially taut and also preserves said incorporated weft. threads throughout substantially their entire extent at substantially right angles with the warp threads of the said three series of warps; whereby the warp and weft threads throughout the entire hammock are main-- tained at substantially right angles to each other throughout their extent.

3. That method of weaving a hammock with integral fulled valances, which consists in assembling a central series of warp threads to form the hammock body and two side series of warp threads to form the valances; interweaving a series of weft threads with said three series of warp threads; prolonging said weft threads at one or both sides in loops beyond the side series of warp threads to form fringes; during such interweaving, presenting the said side series of warp threads to the weft threads for the incorporation of the latter at afaster rate than the central series is re sented thereto; and substantially immediately upon the. described incorporation of each weft'thread taking-up the slack caused by the faster presentation of the side series of warp threads by deflection of the interwoven portion of such side series of warp threads and weft threads in a direction which maintains all of said threads substantially taut and also preserves said incorporated weft 'threads throughout substantially their entire extent at substantially right angles with the warp threads of the said three series of warps; whereby the warp and weft threads throughout the entire hammock. are maintained at substantially right angles to each other throughout their extent; and severing the bights of said fringe loops to complete the fringes.

4. That method of weaving a hammock with integral fulled valances which consists in interweaving warp and weft threads to form the hammock body and simultaneouslyextending said weft threads be 0nd the body portion and interweaving t em. with supplemental warp threads to form integral valances, and preserving -the substantial parallelism of each weft thread throughout the body and valances, with a plane normal to the cloth at its fell.

5, That method of weaving a hammock wit-h integral fulled valances which consists in interweaving warp and weft'threads to form the hammock body and simultaneously immediate deflection from the plane of the body, of the valance ortions as formed.

6. That method 0 weaving a hammock with integral fulled valances whichconsists in interweaving warp and weft threads to formthe hammock body and simultaneously extending said weft threads beyond the body portion and interweaving them with supplemental Warp threads to form integral valances, and compelling a controlled and immediate deflection from the plane of the fabric, progressively greater outward from the body edges, of the valance portions as a formed.

i 7. That method of weaving a hammock with integral fulledvalances which consists in\ interweaving warp and weft threads to form the hammock body andsimultaneously extending said weft threads beyond the body portion and interweavingthem with supplemental warp threads to form integral valances, and drawing the threads of the valances at the fell of the cloth outward from the plane of the'body, thereby immediately to take up said fulled valances.

8: That method of weaving a hammock with integral fulled valances, which consists in assembling a central seriesrof warp threads to form the hammock body and two side series of warp threads to form the valances, the .warp threads of said side series being progressively longer toward the outer edges of said series than .the warp threads of the central series; interweaving ..a series of weft threads with said three series of warp threads and substantially simultaneously with the described incorporation of each weft thread taking up the slack in that portion of the woven product wherein such weft thread is incorporated with the longer warp threads, by deflecting the interwoven portion of such warp and weft threads away from the plane of the interwoven body portion ofthe hammock while still preserving the interwoven Warp and weft threads at substantial right angles to each other throughout substantially their entire extent.

9. That method of weaving a hammock v with integral fulled valances, which consists in. interweaving warp and weft threads to form the hammock body and simultaneously extending said weft threads beyond the body portion and interweaving a part only of the extended portion of said weft threads with supplemental warp threads, whereby are formed valances and fringes integral with the hammock body, and preservlng the substantial parallelism of each weft thread throughout the body and valances with a plane normal to the cloth at its fell. i a

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' .ISAAC E. PALMER.

'Witnesses:

CHAS. M. SAUER, H. W. SIMONDS. 

